SCIENCE
versus RELIGION"? - An Islamic Perspective
Dr
Umar Azam
BA
PhD DCL Dip.FJ Dip.IM FRSA FRSSA
MARCH 2004
Manchester,
UK
INTRODUCTION
"Science" is defined as "Knowledge
gained by systematic experimentation and analysis, and the
formulation of general principles; a branch of this; skill or
technique". (1)
"Religion" is defined as "A belief in
God or gods; a system of worship and faith; a
formalised_expression of belief". (1)
"Belief", in its turn, is defined as
"A principle or idea considered to be true, religious faith".
(1)
1. ALLAH ALMIGHTY AS THE
SUBJECT OF ALL DESTINY
It
is a scientific law that actions don't happen by
themselves. For example, the probability that nuts,
bolts, pistons, tyres, alternator, battery etc. would all
somehow float and then assemble themselves into a motor car
is zero. The fact that everything in the heavens
and the Earth follows celestial laws is evidence that there is
an element of control. There must always be a
subject who controls a certain action so as to produce
an occurance. It is very surprising, therefore, that no
formula has yet been invented in science which dispels this
fallacy of anarchy once and for all from the minds of erring
scientists. If Einstein's formula is E=mcxc, [energy
equals mass times the speed of light squared], then light
would be the catalyst of the process and thereby the
essential subject. The light of our sun, and the
other bodies in the Universe, though natural, would be
artificial light when compared to the Supreme Light of Allah
Most High.
ALLAH IS THE
LIGHT OF THE HEAVES AND THE EARTH. THE PARABLE OF HIS
LIGHT IS AS IF THERE WERE A NICHE AND WITHIN IT A LAMP: THE
LAMP, ENCLOSED IN GLASS: THE GLASS AS IT WERE A BRILLIANT
STAR: LIT FROM A BLESSED TREE, AN OLIVE, NEITHER OF THE EAST
NOR OF THE WEST, WHOSE OIL IS WELL-NIGH LUMINOUS THOUGH FIRE
SCARCE TOUCHED IT: LIGHT UPON LIGHT! ALLAH DOTH GUIDE
WHOM HE WILL TO HIS LIGHT: ALLAH DOTH SET FORTH PARABLES FOR
MEN: AND ALLAH DOTH KNOW ALL THINGS. [XXIV, 35]
2. IT IS THIS LIGHT WHICH
CONTROLS AND COMMANDS ALL ENERGY.
WHATEVER
BEINGS THERE ARE IN THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH DO PROSTRATE
THEMSELVES TO ALLAH [ACKNOWLEDGING SUBJECTION] WITH GOODWILL
OR IN SPITE OF THEMSELVES. [XIII,
15]
3. ALLAH
IS
TIME, BUT MAN EXISTS WITHIN THE
RELATIVITY OF TIME.
HAS THERE NOT
BEEN OVER MAN A LONG PERIOD OF TIME WHEN HE WAS NOTHING - [NOT
EVEN] MENTIONED? VERILY WE CREATED MAN FROM A DROP OF
MINGLED SPERM, IN ORDER TO TRY HIM: SO WE GAVE HIM [THE GIFTS]
OF HEARING AND SIGHT. WE SHOWED HIM THE WAY: WHETHER HE
BE GRATEFUL OR UNGRATEFUL [RESTS ON HIS WILL]. [LXXVI,
1-3]
YUSUF
ALI'S COMMENTARY:
THE
TITLE OF SURAH DAHR ['TIME'] [LXXVI] RECALLS A PAGAN ARAB
IDEA, WHICH PERSONIFIED TIME AS EXISTING SPONTANEOUSLY FROM
ETERNITY TO ETERNITY AND RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MISERY OR
HAPPINESS OF MANKIND. IN XLV, 24 WE READ: 'THEY
SAY ... 'NOTHING BUT TIME CAN DESTROY US'. THIS ATTITUDE
IS OF COURSE WRONG. TIME IS A CREATED THING: IT HAS ITS
MYSTERIES BUT IT IS NO MORE ETERNAL THAN MATTER. IT IS
ALSO RELATIVE TO OUR CONCEPTIONS AND NOT ABSOLUTE AS EINSTEIN
HAS PROVED. IT IS ONLY GOD WHO IS SELF-SUBSISTING,
ETERNAL FROM THE BEGINNING AND ETERNAL TO THE END, THE
ABSOLUTE EXISTENCE AND REALITY. WE MUST NOT TRANSFER HIS
ATTRIBUTES TO ANY FIGMENTS OF OUR IMAGINATION. THIS
DEIFICATION OF TIME [DAHR] AS AGAINST A LIVING PERSONAL
GOD HAS GIVEN RISE TO THE TERM DAHRIYA, AS APPLIED TO
AN ATHEIST OR A MATERIALIST. [p. 889]
4. ALL KNOWLEDGE BELONGS TO
ALLAH.
HE IS THE
IRRESISTIBLE, AND HE IS THE WISE, ACQUAINTED WITH ALL
THINGS. [VI, 18]
FROM ALLAH,
VERILY NOTHING IS HIDDEN ON EARTH OR IN THE HEAVENS
[III, 5]
THE
HOLY QURAN TALKED OF THE 'RED ROSE NEBULA' HUNDREDS OF
YEARS BEFORE HIGH SPECIFICATION TELESCOPES PHOTOGRAPHED THIS
PHENOMENON [SEE THE PHOTOGRAPH AND RELEVANT VERSES FROM THE
HOLY QURAN IN THE 'ASPECTS OF ISLAM' SECTION OF THIS
WEBSITE]. ALSO, THE HOLY QURAN DESCRIBED THE BIOLOGICAL
FACTS OF THE CREATION OF MAN HUNDREDS OF YEARS BEFORE
MODERN SCIENCE CAME TO KNOW OF THESE SAME
FACTS:
VERSES: READ VERSES IN �ASPECTS OF
ISLAM� ON WWW.DR-UMAR-AZAM.COM
5. ALLAH HAS SECRETS OF
CREATION BEYOND THE INTELLECT OF MAN:
PRAISE
BE TO ALLAH, WHO CREATED [OUT OF NOTHING] THE HEAVENS AND THE
EARTH, WHO MADE ANGELS MESSENGERS WITH WINGS, - TWO, OR THREE,
OR FOUR [PAIRS]: HE ADDS TO CREATION AS HE PLEASES: FOR ALLAH
HAS POWER OVER ALL THINGS. [XXXV, I]
In
Islam, it is held that there is absolutely
no
conflict between science and
religion. The only ones who say that there
is
such a
conflict are those who do not believe in God, or are
agnostic. All knowledge belongs to Allah
and, in fact, originates
from
Allah, so any systematic experimentation and formulation of
general principles, and/or the accumulation of skills and
techniques must inevitably prove that Allah is
the Originator of all science, The Mighty, The Wise! Allah
Most High is Time and Space, and has created science as
completely subservient to Allah, and not rebellious to Allah.
How can it be shown that all of science declares Allah's Glory
and Majesty?
6. THE THEORY OF THE
'BIG BANG' IS CORRECT. ALLAH ALMIGHTY REVEALED THIS
FACT IN THE HOLY QURAN ONE THOUSAND FOUR HUNDRED YEARS BEFORE
SCIENTISTS REACHED THE SAME CONCLUSION AFTER CHECKING THE
COSMIC RADIATION WHICH DISPERSED AS A RESULT OF THE 'BIG
BANG', AND WHICH IS STILL DISPERSING EVEN
NOW.
DO NOT THE
UNBELIEVERS SEE THAT THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH WERE JOINED
TOGETHER [AS ONE UNIT OF CREATION], BEFORE WE CLOVE THEM
ASUNDER? [XXI, 30]
THE
FOLLOWING ARE VERY INTERESTING PHOTOGRAPHS OF HOW THE UNIVERSE
LOOKED IN 'ITS EARLY DAYS'!
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An international team of
astronomers may have set a new record in discovering
what is the most distant known galaxy in the universe.
Located an estimated 13 billion light-years away, the
object is being viewed at a time only 750 million years
after the big bang, when the universe was barely 5
percent of its current age. The primeval galaxy was
identified by combining the power of NASA (news - web sites)'s Hubble Space Telescope
(news - web sites) and CARA's W. M. Keck
Telescopes on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The newly discovered
galaxy is likely to be a young galaxy shining during the
end of the so-called 'Dark Ages' - the period in cosmic
history which ended with the first galaxies and quasars
transforming opaque, molecular hydrogen into the
transparent, ionized universe we see today. Image
released February 15,
2004. REUTERS/ESA, NASA, J.-P. Kneib
(Caltech/Observatoire Midi-Pyrnes) and
R. Ellis (Caltech)-Handout EDITORIAL USE ONLY
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Full
Coverage |
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Hubble Shows Ultra-Deep
Vision of Cosmic Infancy |
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By Deborah
Zabarenko
BALTIMORE (Reuters) - Scientists
unveiled a monster baby picture of the universe on
Tuesday, in an image snapped by the Hubble Space
Telescope (news - web sites) that looks deep into
the cosmos, back 13 billion years to just 700
million years after the Big Bang.
Hubble
has looked back in time before, but this image,
known as the Ultra Deep Field, is the most
profound vision the orbiting telescope has ever
captured, scientists said at a briefing at the
Space Telescope Science Institute.
The
new picture looks like a scattering of jewels on
black velvet, but it is in fact some 10,000
galaxies crammed into a section of sky about
one-tenth the size of the full moon.
The
image peers only 300 million years deeper into the
ancient universe than similar Hubble images made
in the 1990s, but this extra distance sees back to
when the very first infant galaxies were forming,
a time of great interest to astronomers because it
marks a transition point from a cosmic dark age.
"This
is the deepest view of the visible ever taken,"
said Rodger Thompson, one of a team of astronomers
who put the image together with two of Hubble's
sophisticated instruments. "It's an amazing time
to be an astrophysicist."
Thompson
and other scientists emphasized the importance of
looking at the earliest times of galactic
development, which can be more dramatic and
sweeping than the evolution of galaxies as they
age.
"It
doesn't seem like much ... but when you realize
that this is a time when a phase transition
occurred in the universe/**/... this is a very
critical time, you want to have details on that
critical time," Hubble astronomer Mario Livio said
in an interview.
GIANT
LEAP FOR COSMIC STUDY
Livio
and other astronomers likened the development of
the universe to the development of a human being,
noting that the most dramatic changes occur at the
earliest ages, making even a seemingly slight
increase in the depth of observation a giant leap
for basic study of the cosmos.
The
quality of the image is so fine that galaxies
billions of light-years away show features that
scientists formerly had seen only in galaxies in
Earth's cosmic neighborhood. A light-year is about
6 trillion miles, the distance light travels in a
year.
These
early galaxies are shown to be more chaotic, to
interact more with each other and to be less
well-formed than our own Milky Way, the
astronomers said.
Hubble
made the picture over four months as it orbited
Earth, from Sept.
24, 2003 to
Jan. 26 of this year, over a total of 1 million
seconds -- 11.3 days -- of viewing time.
The
production of the image was shrouded in such
secrecy that until Tuesday only four people had
seen the whole picture, said Steven Beckwith,
director of the telescope institute.
This
was done to create a level field for research,
since any scientist who saw the whole picture in
advance could begin studying the vast wealth of
data it contained.
"It's
like the great land rush, where the gun is fired
and everybody takes off," Beckwith said. "There
was no advantage to the home team."
Beckwith
and others noted this could be the last such image
made by Hubble. NASA (news - web sites) has decided to forego
a scheduled servicing mission for the telescope,
which means its gyroscopes and battery could doom
it to an early demise.
"There
is not a final act, there is kind of a
denouement," Beckwith said of Hubble's ultimate
fate. |
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7. SCIENCE AND NATURE ARE
INTERTWINED. ALLAH ORDAINS ALL LAWS SUCH AS THE LAW
OF GRAVITY [NEWTON], RELATIVITY OF TIME [EINSTEIN], THE
LIFE CYCLE, NITROGEN CYCLE ETC.
PRAISE THE
NAME OF THY LORD THE MOST HIGH, WHO CREATETH, THEN DISPOSETH;
WHO MEASURETH, THEN GUIDETH; WHO BRINGETH FORTH THE PASTURAGE,
THEN TURNETH IT TO RUSSET STUBBLE. [PICKTHALL]
[LXXXVII, 1-5]
8. ALLAH HAS GIVEN HEAVEN'S
CANOPY ITS ORDER AND PERFECTION.
ARE YE THE HARDER TO CREATE, OR IS
THE HEAVEN THAT HE BUILT? HE RAISED THE HEIGHT THEREOF
AND ORDERED IT; AND HE MADE THE NIGHT DARK THEREOF, AND HE
BROUGHT FORTH THE MOON THEREOF.
[PICKTHALL] [LXXIX, 27-29]
9. WHATEVER IS IN THE
HEAVENS AND THE EARTH GLORIFIES ALLAH. SEE THE PHOTOS
OF NATURE GLORIFYING ALLAH'S NAME, BEING FORMED IN THE SHAPE
OF THE NAME OF 'ALLAH' IN ARABIC, IN THE �ASPECTS OF
ISLAM� SECTION ON THIS SITE: CACTUS, HONEY, TOMATO, WATER
MELON, CLOUD, TREES, BABY�S EAR & others.
WHATEVER
BEINGS THERE ARE IN THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH DO PROSTRATE
THEMSELVES TO ALLAH [ACKNOWLEDGING SUBJECTION] WITH GOODWILL
OR IN SPITE OF THEMSELVES. [XIII, 15]
10. ALLAH HAS MADE THE
ZODIAC.
IT IS WE WHO HAVE SET OUT THE
ZODIACAL SIGNS IN THE HEAVENS AND MADE THEM FAIR-SEEMING TO
[ALL] BEHOLDERS; AND [MOREOVER] WE HAVE GUARDED THEM FROM
EVERY SPIRIT ACCURSED. BUT ANY THAT GAINS A HEARING BY
STEALTH, IS PURSUED BY A FLAMING FIRE *, BRIGHT [TO
SEE]. [XV, 16-18]
*
Meteors chase away the evil spirits.
11. ALLAH ORDERS ALL
THINGS.
SUCH IS
ALLAH, YOUR LORD. THERE IS NO GOD SAVE HIM, THE CREATOR
OF ALL THINGS, SO WORSHIP HIM. AND HE TAKETH CARE OF ALL
THINGS. [VI, 103] [PICKTHALL]
12. ALLAH MADE HEAVEN
AND EARTH WITH ALL ITS PRODUCE. SCIENCE IS BASED ON
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS [METALS, MINERALS, ORES etc.] WHICH
HAVE BEEN CREATED BY GOD.
XXXI, 10
LUCK IN THE SKY WITH
DIAMONDS
"Twinkle twinkle, little star, how
I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, like
a diamond in the sky...." Jane Taylor penned this song
back in 1806.
Like many Librans, she had a
natural ability to weave enchanting spells of lasting
power. Her words took on new meaning this week when
astronomers announced the discovery of a compressed white
dwarf star in the constellation of Centaurus. It truly
is a diamond in the sky. It has a core of crystallised
carbon that stretches for 3,000
kilometres.
The biggest jewel on Earth is The
Star of Africa which weighs in at 530
carats. This star, though, is about 10 billion trillion
trillion carats. To an astrologer, the meaning is
crystal clear. We ALL now have the potential to become
multi-millionaires. Will anyone ever manage to make a
spaceship powerful enough to go out and mine that
diamond? You can bet on it! Will we be any the
happier if we do? That's not so certain.
If
we do bring back diamonds in that quantity, they'll end up
being no more valuable than glass beads. Then we will
have to find something else to lust after, kill for - and keep
a painfully primitive, soul-destroying, selfish financial
system alive with. People starve, not because there
is insufficient food in the world, but because
there is insufficient will to get it shared out. This
new discovery is telling us that we should all stop being so
tight...because our Universe contains all the wealth we could
ever want...and more besides. And to get it, we don't
actually have to make a space craft. We just have to
alter our attitude and have more faith in the notion that
prosperity is possible.
[A
graphic accompanies this article with the caption:
COSMIC JEWEL: The newly-discovered dwarf star has an immense
diamond at its centre].
Jonathan Cainer, DAILY MIRROR,
Sat
21 Feb 2004, p. 59]
13. ALLAH MADE THE SHADOWS AND
THE SUN.
HAST THOU NOT TURNED THY VISION TO
THY LORD?- HOW HE DOTH PROLONG THE SHADOW! IF HE WILLED,
HE COULD MAKE IT STATIONARY! THEN DO WE MAKE
THE SUN ITS GUIDE; THEN WE DRAW IT
IN TOWARDS OURSELVES, - A CONTRACTION BY EASY STAGES.
[XXV, 45-46]
Astronomy
Picture of the Day
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different
image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured,
along with a brief explanation written by a professional
astronomer.
2000 January 10
14. ALLAH MADE SLEEP, AND NIGHT
& DAY.
AND HE IT IS
WHO MAKES THE NIGHT AS A ROBE FOR YOU, AND SLEEP AS REPOSE,
AND MAKES THE DAY [AS IT WERE] A RESURRECTION [XXV,
47]
15. ONE OF THE USES OF THE MOON
IS TO ACT AS A CALENDAR.
IT IS HE WHO
MADE THE SUN TO BE A SHINING GLORY AND THE MOON TO BE A LIGHT
[OF BEAUTY], AND MEASURED OUT STAGES FOR HER: THAT YE MIGHT
KNOW THE NUMBER OF YEARS AND THE COUNT [OF TIME]. NOWISE
DID ALLAH CREATE THIS BUT IN TRUTH AND
RIGHTEOUSNESS. [THUS] DOTH HE EXPLAIN HIS SIGNS IN
DETAIL FOR THOSE WHO UNDERSTAND. [ X,
5]
Shaukat's
Suggested Global Islamic Calendar (if Ulemaa of the
world accept the need for it) |
If
sighting is required we cannot have Global Islamic
Calendar. To achieve a pre-calculated Global Islamic
Calendar, if Ulemaa of the world accept the need for it,
a suggested convention could be adopted that if the moon
is born before 12:00 UT (i.e., 3:00pm Makkah time), then
the month begins at sunset of that day everywhere in the
world (starting from International Date Line going
westward). People will not require any calculations for
this. Only the time and date of new moon birth is
needed, and that is easily obtained from Almanacs,
Newspapers, or Internet.
This convention has a strong basis of the visibility
that somewhere on the globe the moon would be definitely
visible given clear horizon, because the age of the moon
would be 18 hours at sunset on a point just to the east
of the International Date Line. All astronomers agree
that an 18 hour moon is visible (in some instances it
may not be seen by the naked eye but with telescope it
can be seen). This known scientific fact can be made the
basis which has sighting requirement according to Qur'an
and Sunnah, and then all the disagreements about when
and where the month starts would go away. We will know
ahead of time, when any month
begins. |
http://www.moonsighting.com/calendar.html
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
N.A.S.A. PHOTO GALLERY
17. ALLAH CREATED ALL
NATURE
HE IT IS WHO
SENDETH DOWN WATER FROM THE SKY, AND THEREWITH WE BRING FORTH
BUDS OF EVERY KIND; WE BRING FORTH THE GREEN BLADE FROM WHICH
WE BRING FORTH THE THICK-CLUSTERED GRAIN; AND FROM THE
DATE-PALM, FROM THE POLLEN THEREOF, SPRING PENDANT BUNCHES;
AND [WE BRING FORTH] GARDENS OF GRAPES, AND THE OLIVE AND THE
POMEGRANATE, ALIKE AND UNLIKE. LOOK UPON THE FRUIT
THEREOF, AND UPON ITS RIPENING. LO! HEREIN VERILY ARE
PORTENTS FOR A PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE.
[PICKTHALL] [VI, 100]
How Your Body
Grows Your
body needs nutritious foods to grow and stay healthy.
Nutritious foods also give you energy for learning and
playing. Foods can be sorted into the Five Food
Groups.
Body needs meat
to stay healthy; Allah has given us canine teeth for ripping
and tearing of meat. Allah has created the chick to grow to a
full grown chicken in a matter of a few weeks, man for man to
eat.
18. ALLAH CREATED THE
EARTH
HE IT IS WHO
CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH IN SIX DAYS, AND IS MOREOVER
FIRMLY ETABLISHED ON THE THRONE {OF
AUTHORITY}. [LVII,
4]
19. ALLAH
MADE MOUNTAINS SO THAT THE EARTH WILL NOT SHAKE
AND HE HAS
SET UP ON THE EARTH
MOUNTAINS STANDING
FIRM, LEST IT SHOULD SHAKE WITH YOU; AND RIVERS AND ROADS;
THAT YE MAY GUIDE YOURSELVES. [XVI,
15]
- ALLAH MADE IRON AVAILABLE TO
MAN
AND WE SENT
DOWN IRON, IN WHICH IS [MATERIAL FOR] MIGHTY WAR, AS WELL AS
MANY BENEFITS FOR MANKIND. [LVII,
25]
IRON
IS PROBABLY THE MOST IMPORTANT MINERAL IN THE WORLD, AND
ALLAH HAS DELIBERATELY MADE IT AVAILABLE TO MAN. THE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COULD NOT HAVE TAKEN PLACE WITHOUT,
AMONGST OTHER RESORCES SUCH AS COAL, THE TREMENDOUSLY
INCREASED USE OF IRON AND STEEL! EVEN TODAY, ALL
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES, MACHINES ETC. REQUIRE IRON AND STEEL,
NOT ONLY FOR THEIR EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION, BUT ALSO FOR THEIR
ELECTRONIC MECHANISMS.
UPDATE:
Story first posted 5:37
p.m. EST,
March
27, 2004
Aviation
history was made today as NASA successfully flew its
experimental X-43A research vehicle, a forerunner of craft
that could well offer alternate access to space in the
future.
Preliminary
indications are that the craft appeared to meet a major
milestone: propelling itself slightly over Mach 7, seven times
the speed of sound, or some 5,000 miles per hour.
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Comparision of X-43A
hypersonic scramjet engine with conventional jet
engine. Credit: NASA/Dave
Faust |
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NASA's B-52B launch
aircraft takes off carrying the second X-43A
hypersonic research vehicle attached to a
modified Pegasus rocket, on March 27,
2004.
Credit: NASA/Tom
Tschida |
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Illustration of X-43A
March
27, 2004
mission profile. Credit: NASA/Dave
Faust |
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"It
was fun all the way to Mach 7," said Joel Sitz, X-43 Project
Manager at NASA�s Dryden Flight Research at Edwards,
California
during a press briefing after the flight.
The
X-43A test shot is part of NASA�s Hyper-X program, a research
effort to try out propulsion technologies for high-speed
flight within the atmosphere and into Earth
orbit.
A
major objective of the unmanned X-43A flight was shaking out
air-breathing supersonic-combustion ramjet (scramjet) engine
technology.
Unlike
the space shuttle that must haul along weighty amounts of
liquid oxygen to burn with liquid hydrogen, scramjets use the
atmosphere as fuel. Doing so means a scramjet-carrying craft
could haul more payload into orbit.
Without
a hitch
"We
went off without a hitch," said Bradford Neal, test conductor
for the flight Saturday.
Griffin
Corpening, X-43A chief engineer at Dryden, said the X-43A
"scooted out to Mach 7�just an outstanding job." Data was
received from the vehicle all the way down to its splash down
in the Pacific
Ocean.
"It really hung in there," he said.
Corpening
said the data collected during the flight will be intensely
studied over the next weeks, months, and probably
years.
"It
has been an outstanding record-breaking day. It really has,"
said Larry Huebner, Hyper-X scramjet propulsion research
engineer at NASA
Langley
Research
Center
in Hampton,
Virginia.
Based on preliminary data, he said, the vehicle experienced
positive acceleration while climbing due to the performance of
its scramjet engine.
"Our
vehicle under airbreathing power went over 15 miles," Huebner
reported. The flight today was the first-ever airframe
integrated scramjet engine experiment. "We can claim an
air-breathing powered record today�no doubt about
it."
But
now, Huebner said, "it�s time to roll up our sleeves and start
looking at some data."
Winged
surfboard
Today�s
test of the 12-foot ((3.7 meters) long X-43A began with the
vehicle being toted skyward from NASA's Dryden Flight Research
Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California by a B-52 carrier
aircraft. The experimental craft -- taking on the look of a
winged surfboard -- was attached to a modified Pegasus XL
booster.
After
reaching a designated altitude, the NASA B-52 released the
X-43A/Pegasus booster combination high over the
Naval
Air
Warfare
Center
Weapons
Division
Sea
Range
over the Pacific
Ocean
off the coast of southern California.
A
long contrail arced up and away from the B-52 as the modified
Pegasus boosted the X-43A. A normal separation of the test
vehicle from the booster could clearly be seen. The craft
remained stable during release from its
booster.
The
X-43A continued its speedy flight, opening up an intake
chamber that allowed a high-speed stream of oxygen into the
vehicle. That port was then closed, and all appeared to work
as planned as mission controllers clapped and hugged each
other.
Gulping
up the atmosphere as it shot through the sky, the craft pushed
that air into a scramjet. Carried onboard the X-43A is a small
quantity of hydrogen that mixed with the incoming oxygen. That
mix was then combusted, pushing the plane forward to high-mach
speeds.
Following
the engine test, the X-43A began gliding and maneuvering for
several minutes before nosing into Pacific
Ocean
waters within a restricted test zone.
Tough
engineering challenge
The
$250 million program began with conceptual design and scramjet
engine wind tunnel work in 1996.
According
to a NASA statement, this is the first time a non-rocket,
air-breathing scramjet engine has powered a vehicle in flight
at hypersonic speeds. No vehicle has ever flown at hypersonic
speeds powered by an air-breathing scramjet
engine.
The
rocket boost and subsequent separation from the rocket to get
to the scramjet test condition have complex elements that must
work properly to assure flight success. There are few or no
moving parts in the scramjet. Achieving proper engine ignition
and combustion, in a matter of milliseconds, is considered a
key engineering challenge.
No
easy ride
It
has not been an easy ride for the X-43A
program.
On
June
2, 2001,
the X-43A/booster combination -- called the stack -- veered
out of control shortly after release from the NASA B-52
aircraft. The stack was destroyed by ground control less than
50 seconds after release. The failure occurred before the
X-43A could be released.
A
mishap study board cleared the way for a return-to-flight of
the X-43A. No one contributing factor was singled out as being
the prime cause of the vehicle's failure. However, those
studying the failure underscored inaccuracies in computer and
wind-tunnel tests to prove the X-43A/booster was flight worthy
and ready for its maiden test.
Today�s
successful flight is the work of a government-private sector
partnership.
ATK
GASL in Tullahoma, Tennessee, built both the vehicle and the
engine, and Boeing Phantom Works in Huntington Beach,
California, designed the thermal protection and propulsion
control systems. The booster is a modified Pegasus rocket from
Orbital Sciences Corporation of Chandler,
Arizona.
NASA's
Langley
Research
Center
and Dryden
Flight
Research
Center
jointly conduct the Hyper-X program.
21. ALLAH HAS MADE THE TYPES OF
WATER.
IT IS HE WHO HAS LET FREE THE TWO
BODIES OF FLOWING WATER: ONE PALATABLE AND SWEET, AND THE
OTHER SALT AND BITTER; YET HAS HE MADE A BARRIER BETWEEN THEM,
A PARTITION THAT IS FORBIDDEN TO BE PASSED. [XXV,
53]
22. ALLAH MADE THE WIND
AND THE RAIN.
AND HE IT IS WHO SENDS THE WINDS
AS HERALDS OF GLAD TIDINGS, GOING BEFORE HIS MERCY, AND WE
SEND DOWN PURIFYING WATER FROM THE SKY,- THAT WITH IT WE MAY
GIVE LIFE TO A DEAD LAND, AND SLAKE THE THIRST OF THINGS WE
HAVE CREATED,- CATTLE AND MEN IN GREAT NUMBERS. AND WE
HAVE DISTRIBUTED THE [WATER] AMONGST THEM, IN ORDER THAT THEY
MAY CELEBRATE [OUR] PRAISES, BUT MOST MEN ARE AVERSE [TO
AUGHT] BUT [RANK] INGRATITUDE. [XXV,
48-50]
23. ALLAH MADE THE PEARLS AND
THE CORAL.
HE HAS LET FREE THE TWO BODIES OF
FLOWING WATER, MEETING TOGETHER: BETWEEN THEM IS A BARRIER
WHICH THEY DO NOT TRANSGRESS: THEN WHICH OF THE FAVOURS OF
YOUR LORD WILL YE DENY? OUT OF THEM COME PEARLS AND
CORAL: THEN WHICH OF THE FAVOURS OF YOUR LORD WILL YE
DENY? [LV, 19-22]
24. MAN CANNOT SURVIVE ON ANY
PLANET EXCEPT EARTH BECAUSE THE EARTH HAS BEEN ESPECIALLY
PREPARED FOR ALLAH'S CREATURES.
AND THE EARTH HAVE WE SPREAD OUT
[LIKE A CARPET]; SET THEREON MOUNTAINS FIRM AND IMMOVABLE;
AND PRODUCED THEREIN ALL KINDS OF THINGS IN DUE
BALANCE. AND WE HAVE PROVIDED THEREIN MEANS OF
SUBSISTENCE, - FOR YOU AND FOR THOSE FOR WHOSE SUSTENANCE YE
ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE. [XV, 19-20]
DO THEY NOT LOOK AT THE EARTH, -
HOW MANY NOBLE THINGS OF ALL KINDS WE HAVE PRODUCED
THEREIN?[XXVI, 7]
HAVE WE NOT MADE THE EARTH [AS A
PLACE] TO DRAW TOGETHER THE LIVING AND THE DEAD, AND MADE
THEREIN MOUNTAINS STANDING FIRM, LOFTY [IN STATURE]; AND
PROVIDED FOR YOU WATER SWEET [AND
WHOLESOME]? [LXXVII, 25-27]
25.THE EARTH HAS BEEN MADE MANAGEABLE
FOR MAN.
EFFORTS ARE BEING MADE TO COLONISE
SPACE. SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR WATER ON THE
MOON: THEY BELIEVE THAT THE PRESENCE OF WATER, OR SOME KIND OF
MOISTURE, WILL BE TAKEN TO MEAN THAT HUMAN LIFE CAN BE
SUSTAINED. BUT THE MOON HAS NOT BEEN MADE MANAGEABLE
FOR MAN BY GOD! SIMILARLY, THE NOTION OF 'SPACE
CITIES ON THE MOON' IS
AN IMPOSSIBILITY.
IT IS HE WHO HAS MADE THE EARTH
MANAGEABLE FOR YOU, SO TRAVERSE YE THROUGH ITS TRACTS AND
ENJOY OF THE SUSTENANCE WHICH HE FURNISHES: BUT UNTO HIM IS
THE RESURRECTION[LXVII, 15]
26. AIRCRAFT, SHIPS ETC. CAN
TRAVEL PEACEFULLY BECAUSE ALLAH HAS SUBJECTED
EARTHLY FORCES TO MAN'S USE.
IF
ALLAH WISHED, THERE WOULD BE TORNADOES AND HURRICANES
EVERYWHERE, AND ALL THE TIME, ON EARTH.
SEEST THOUGH NOT THAT ALLAH HAS
MADE SUBJECT TO YOU [O MAN] ALL THAT IS ON THE EARTH, AND THE
SHIPS THAT SAIL THROUGH THE SEA BY HIS COMMAND? HE
WITHOLDS THE SKY [RAIN] FROM FALLING ON THE EARTH EXCEPT BY
HIS LEAVE: FOR ALLAH IS MOST KIND AND MOST MERCIFUL TO
MAN. [XXII, 65]
IT IS ALLAH WHO HAS SUBJECTED THE
SEA TO YOU, THAT SHIPS MAY SAIL THROUGH IT BY HIS COMMAND,
THAT YE MAY SEEK OF HIS BOUNTY, AND THAT YE MAY BE
GRATEFUL. AND HE HAS SUBJECTED TO YOU, AS FROM HIM, ALL
THAT IS IN THE HEAVENS AND ON EARTH: BEHOLD, IN THAT ARE SIGNS
INDEED FOR THOSE WHO REFLECT. [XLV,
12-13]
27. ALLAH GAVE MAN LIFE.
HOW CAN YE REJECT THE FAITH IN
ALLAH? - SEEING THAT YE WERE WITHOUT LIFE, AND HE GAVE YOU
LIFE; THEN WILL HE CAUSE YOU TO DIE, AND WILL AGAIN BRING YOU
TO LIFE; AND AGAIN TO HIM WILL YE RETURN [II,
28]
28. ALLAH CREATED MAN AND
TAUGHT HIM SPEECH.
HE HAS CREATED MAN: AND TAUGHT HIM
SPEECH [AND INTELLIGENCE].
[LV, 3-4]
29. ALLAH
GAVE MAN A MIND WITH WHICH TO REASON.
BEHOLD, THY LORD SAID TO THE
ANGELS: "I WILL CREATE A VICEREGENT ON EARTH". THEY
SAID, "WILT THOU PLACE THEREIN ONE WHO WILL MAKE MISSCHIEF
THEREIN AND SHED BLOOD?- WHILST WE DO CELEBRATE THY PRAISES
AND GLORIFY THY HOLY [NAME]?" HE SAID: I KNOW WHAT YE
KNOW NOT". AND HE TAUGHT ADAM THE NATURE OF ALL THINGS;
THEN HE PLACED THEM BEFORE THE ANGELS, AND SAID: 'TELL ME THE
NATURE OF THESE IF YE ARE RIGHT'. THEY SAID: "GLORY TO
THEE: OF KNOWLEDGE WE HAVE NONE, SAVE WHAT THOU HAST TAUGHT
US: IN TRUTH IT IS THOU WHO ART PERFECT IN KNOWLEDGEAND
WISDOM". HE SAID: " O ADAM!TELL THEM THEIR
NATURES". WHEN HE HAD TOLD THEM, ALLAH SAID: "DID I NOT
TELL YOU THAT I KNOW THE SECRETS OF HEAVENS AND EARTH, AND I
KNOW WHAT YE REVEAL AND WHAT YE CONCEAL?" [II,
30-33]
There is no doubt that the 'appliance
of science' is a great blessing and a boon: in both developed
and devoloping countries, machines and machinery play an
essential and pivotal role in the provision of those goods and
services which facilitate one's life, though life
inevitably becomes more complex. A few of the machines in
existence today, which serve mankind in various
areas, are:
MEDICINE: X-Ray
Machines; TRANSPORT: Aircraft;
SPACE EXPLORATION: Spacecraft; EDUCATION:
Computers; CATERING: Microwave
Oven; MEDIA: Digital Printing
Machines; LAW/JUSTICE: DNA (Deoxyribonuceic
Acid)-Testing; MATERIALS
SCIENCE: Polymer Fibres; HOUSEHOLD: PVC
(Polyvinyl Chloride); DEFENCE: Nucleur
Weapons; BANKING & FINANCE: Electronic
Cash Transactions; ENTERTAINMENT:
MP3-Player; COMMUNICATION: 3G-Mobile
Phone; TELEVISION: Satellite and Digital
Channels;
THE
FOLLOWING ARTICLE SHOWS HOW THROUGH ORIGINAL, SCIENTIFIC
THINKING, MAN CAN HELP HIS FELLOW MAN.
www.got-milk.com/better/index.html
Your bones are
growing right along with you. And you need calcium now more
than ever. Your "growth spurt" is just about to happen -- it
typically starts around 11-13 years of age, and the "spurt" is
usually done by the time you're 15-19 years old. Nearly 50
percent (that's HALF) of all bone is formed during these
years! But even after your bones have stopped growing long,
they are still growing strong "inside." That's why you need to
pack your bones with calcium for at least another 10 years to
help make them as dense and strong as possible.
MILKY WAY TO
SAVE FARMERS MONEY
Hard-up dairy
farmers could be saved from going bust thanks to a
revolutionary process that heats their farms using cows'
milk.
A world
first, developed by a Lanarkshire company, the system warms
piped water using milk while it's still at the cow's body
temperature.
The water is
then pumped through underfloor pipes to heat milking parlours
and farmhouses and provide hotwater in taps.
It's
estimated the system will save the average dairy farmer around
�2500 every year. Grants are available to cover
installation costs.
It's
currently being installed, for the first time anywhere, at a
farm in Brechin. Harry Burt, managing director of
GeoThermal Limited and one of the brains behind the incredible
scheme, explained, "I was standing in a dairy farmyard with
the owner of an ice cream firm when I detected a blast of hot
air coming off a milk chiller.
"I asked if
this was normal and was told that every dairy farmer has to
cool milk from its natural temperature of 37C to 4C
within 30 minutes of milking. Farmers use chillers to do
this. I was amazed as it's a complete waste of
energy. I was sure I could recover the heat and use it
in a better way."
Using his
knowledge of geothermal energy, which makes use of solar
energy stored beneath the Earth's surface, Harry and his
colleagues develpoed the milk system over an 18-month period
at the Scottish
Agricultural
College in
Dumfries.
"The trials
were a success and we worked out we could save the
average dairy farmer with a herd of 140 cows around �2500 per
year," he said. "We reckon a system such as this can
provide heating and hot water not only to milking parlours but
farmhouses, too. Using the energy in cows' milk is a
totally new concept and, potentially, has a worldwide
market."
Farmers Sandy
and Ian Milne, from Brechin, are hoping the innovative system
will significantly reduce their electricity
bills.
"Our annual
milk quota is 2.2 million litres so it's great we can use the
energy from it to save money," Sandy said.
"Because of the low price dairy farmers are paid for milk,
we're all having to reduce overheads. I'd recommend this
system to anyone."
James
Withers, of the National Farmers' Union, Scotland, agrees cost
control has become a real priority for farmers, especially in
the dairy sector.
"Sixty per
cent of dairy producers received an income below the cost of
production last year," he said. "This has forced
businesses to look very hard at themselves and consider
whether, and how, they can remain viable.
"Any venture
that can reduce energy costs while promoting renewable energy
will be a significant bonus.
"While few
businesses will have significant capital for investment,
farmers should be aware of the range of grants available to
assist with on-farm projects.
"Initial
investment can be difficult, but if it's carefully planned, it
can pay off in the long run."
From THE
SUNDAY POST, 7 March
2004, p.
4
30. ALLAH TELLS MAN, IN THE
HOLY QURAN, TO ASPIRE TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE.
VERSES
ANY
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WHICH BROADENS MAN'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE
UNIVERSE IS A BOON; THE LIGHT OF KNOWLEDGE IS ALWAYS
PREFERABLE TO THE DARKNESS OF IGNORANCE. SCIENTISTS HAVE
DONE VERY WELL TO PEER INTO THE UNIVERSE AND TO TAKE
EXTRAORDINARY PHOTOGRAPHS OF ASTRONOMICAL PHENOMENA. THE
FOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OF DETAILS FROM THE 'DUSTY NEBULA IN A
NEARBY GALAXY':
Astronomy Picture of the Day
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different
image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured,
along with a brief explanation written by a professional
astronomer.
2004 March 11
Henize 206:
Cosmic Generations Credit: V. Gorjian(JPL) et al., JPL, Caltech, NASA
Explanation: Peering
into a dusty nebula in nearby galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud,
infrared cameras on board the Spitzer Space Telescope recorded
this detailed view of stellar nursery Henize
206 filled with newborn stars. The stars appear as white spots
within the swirls of dust and gas in the false-color infrared image. Near the top, the sweeping
telltale arcs of a supernova remnant are also visible,
expanding debris from the final explosion of a massive star. The proximity of the ancient
supernova indicates that the shockwave from that stellar death
explosion itself likely triggered the formation of the new
generation of emerging stars, compressing the gas and dust
within Henize 206 and continuing the cosmic cycle of star death and star birth.
At the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud, about 163,000
light-years this image covers an area about 1,000 light-years
across.
31. MAN CAN
ONLY EVER HAVE PARTIAL KNOWLEDGE AS COMPARED TO ALLAH'S
ABSOLUTE
KNOWLEDGE.
X-RAY IMAGES OFSATURN PUZZLE
SCIENTISTS |
|
Astronomers have gotten a good
look at X-rays from the ringed planet Saturn, and they're
puzzled by the results that defy current
theory.
The image, made
with NASA (news - web
sites)'s Chandra X-ray Observatory,
shows the X-rays are concentrated near Saturn's equator.
X-rays from Jupiter, however, are concentrated mostly near the
poles.
In results
released today, Chandra observed Saturn for about 20 hours
last April. The spectrum, or distribution with energy of the
X-rays, was found to be very similar to that of X-rays from
the Sun.
"This indicates
that Saturn's X-ray emission is due to the scattering of solar
X-rays by Saturn's atmosphere," said Jan-Uwe Ness, of the
University of Hamburg in Germany. "It's a puzzle, since the
intensity of Saturn's X-rays requires that Saturn reflects
X-rays fifty times more efficiently than the
Moon."
The observed 90
megawatts of X-ray power from Saturn's equatorial region is
roughly consistent with previous observations of the
X-radiation from Jupiter's equatorial region. This suggests
that both giant, gaseous planets reflect solar X-rays at
unexpectedly high rates. Further observations of Jupiter will
be needed to test this possibility.
The weak
X-radiation from Saturn's south-polar region presents another
puzzle. Saturn's magnetic field, like that of Jupiter, is
strongest near the poles. X-radiation from Jupiter is
brightest at the poles because of auroral activity due to the
enhanced interaction of high-energy particles from the Sun
with its magnetic field. Since spectacular ultraviolet polar
auroras have been observed to occur on Saturn,
Ness and colleagues expected that
Saturn's south pole might be bright in X-rays.
It is not clear
whether the auroral mechanism does not produce X-rays on
Saturn, or for some reason concentrates the X-rays at the
north pole. The north pole was blocked by Saturn's rings
during this observation.
Ness is lead author of a paper that
will discuss the results an upcoming issue of the journal
Astronomy & Astrophysics.
"Another
interesting result of the observation is that Saturn's rings
were not detected in X-rays," said co-author Scott Wolk of the
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in
Cambridge, MA. "This requires Saturn's rings to
be less efficient at scattering X-rays than the planet
itself."
The same team
detected X-radiation from Saturn using the European Space
Agency's XMM-Newton Observatory. Although these observations
could not locate the X-rays on Saturn's disk, the intensity of
the observed X-rays was very similar to what was found with
Chandra and consistent with a marginal detection of X-rays
from Saturn reported in 2000 using the German
Roentgensatellite ( ROSAT).
"ASTRONOMY
IS CERTAINLY NOT A STATIC SUBJECT - NEW IDEAS AND DISCOVERIES
ARE ALWAYS TURNING UP. ALTHOUGH ASTRONOMERS HAVE SOLVED
MANY OF THE MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE, THEY ARE CONTINUALLY
FINDING NEW AND DEEPER PROBLEMS".
[FOREWARD]
THE
ASTRONAUT MUST BE EQUIPPED FOR GREAT EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE,
AS THE TEMPARATURE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SUNLIT SIDE IS ABOUT
100 DEGREES CELCIUS AND, ON THE DARK SIDE, -150 DEGREES
CELCIUS [272 DEGREES BELOW FREEZING,
FARENHEIT].
VARIOUS
EARTHLY PHENOMENA HAVE ASTRONOMICAL ORIGINS. THE TIDES, FOR
EXAMPLE, ARE DUE TO THE GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE SUN AND
MOON. BASICALLY, THE WATER IN THE OCEANS IS ATTRACTED BY
THE MOVEMENTS OF THE MOON. MERCURY
MAXIMUM TEMP - 400 C; MINIMUM TEMP. -200 C
NO
DETECTABLE ATMOSPHERE OR AT MOST 1/100TH OF EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE.
VENUSA
'DAY' ON VENUS IS LONGER THAN THE VENUSIAN [OR 'CYTHEREAN']
YEAR [VENUS REVOLVES FASTER AROUND THE SUN -224 DAYS- THAN IT
ROTATES ON ITS AXIS - 247 DAYS]. MAXIMUM TEMP. 350 C;
DENSE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS MOSTLY CARBON DIOXIDE.MARSV. THIN
ATMOSPHERE; VIRTUALLY NO OXYGEN; V. RAPID TEMP. CHANGES.
'HUMAN LIFE COULD NOT SURVIVE THERE'.
JUPITERLARGELY
GASEOUS [MAINLY HYDROGEN, AND SIMILAR GASES SUCH AS METHANE
AND AMMONIA] PLANET; V. LOW TEMP. OF -150
C
SATURNLARGELY
GASEOUS PLANET ,
LOW
TEMP OF -170 C
The
following is an article by ROGER
HIGHFIELD from
THE
DAILY TELEGRAPH, edition
dated TUESDAY,
16 MARCH 2004:
SHINY
RED CLUMP OF ROCK AND ICE MAY BE THE TENTH PLANET.
A RED
SHINY WORLD OF ROCK AND ICE APPROACHING THE SIZE OF PLUTO HAS
BEEN FOUND IN THE FAR REACHES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, SURPRISING
SCIENTISTS AND LAUNCHING AN ARGUMENT OVER WHETHER IT COUNTS AS
THE TENTH PLANET. OFFICIALLY DESIGNATED 2003 VB12, DR
MICHAEL BROWN, OF THE CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HAS
PROPOSED THAT THE MYSTERIOUS PLANET-LIKE OBJECT IS CALLED
SEDNA, IN HONOUR OF THE INUIT GODDESS FROM WHICH ALL SEA
CREATURES WERE DERIVED, THOUGH THIS NAME HAS YET TO BE AGREED
BY ASTRONOMERS. PRELIMINARY DATA SUGGEST THAT IT MAY BE
REDDER THAN ALL OTHER OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM, SAVE MARS,
AND THAT IT IS SHINY. INDIRECT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT IT
MAY ALSO HAVE A MOON, WHICH ASTRONOMERS NOW HOPE TO FIND WITH
THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE. HOWEVER, THE TEAM IS PUZZLED
AS TO WHY THE FRIGID OBJECT IS SO RED AND REFLECTIVE.
"IT IS A SCIENTIFICALLY FASCINATING OBJECT," SAID DR
BROWN. THE NEW WORLD DATES BACK TO THE CREATION OF THE
SOLAR SYSTEM, MARKING THE FIRST DETECTION OF THE
LONG-HYPOTHESISED "OORT CLOUD," A FARAWAY REPOSITORY OF SMALL
ICY BODIES THAT SUPPLIES THE COMETS THAT STREAK BY EARTH, AND
THUS THE FIRST "OORT CLOUD OBJECT." SEDNA IS ABOUT EIGHT
BILLION MILES AWAY. "WHEN WE FIRST FOUND THIS OBJECT, WE
WERE SHOCKED TO DISCOVER THAT OUR NEW OBJECT IS ALMOST THREE
TIMES THE CURRENT DISTANCE TO PLUTO," SAID DR BROWN. "IT
IS SIGNIFICANTLY FURTHER THAN ANYTHING ELSE EVER SEEN IN THE
SOLAR SYSTEM. THE SUN APPEARS SO SMALL FROM THAT
DISTANCE THAT YOU COULD COMPLETELY BLOCK IT OUT WITH THE HEAD
OF A PIN." SEDNA MEASURES BETWEEN 800 AND 1,100 MILES IN
DIAMETER COMPARED WITH AROUND 1,400 MILES IN THE CASE OF PLUTO
AND 8,000 FOR EARTH. IF THE UPPER END OF THIS ESTIMATE
HOLDS GOOD, THE NEW BODY IS THE LARGEST FOUND IN THE SOLAR
SYSTEM SINCE THE AMERICAN CLYDE TOMBAUGH DISCOVERED
PLUTO
74 YEARS
AGO.
[A
CLEAR PHOTOGRAPH, WITH THE CAPTION: "SEDNA, RED AND
REFLECTIVE, MAY HAVE ITS OWN MOON" ACCOMPANIED THIS
ARTICLE.]
31. MAN MUST BE CAREFUL NOT TO
ACT AS god
IN SCIENTIFIC MATTERS.
A]
CLONING
SCIENCE SERVES ALLAH.
EARTHQUAKES, FLOODS,
VOLCANIC EXPLOSIONS ETC. GET RID OF CORRUPT AND EVIL
'CIVILISATIONS'.
AND HOW MANY POPULATIONS WE
DESTROYED; WHICH EXULTED IN THEIR LIFE [OF EASE AND PLENTY]
! NOW THOSE HABITATIONS OF THEIRS, AFTER THEM, ARE
DESERTED, - ALL BUT [MISERABLE] FEW! AND WE ARE THEIR
HEIRS!
NOR WAS THY LORD THE ONE TO
DESTROY A POPULATION UNTIL HE HAD SENT TO ITS CENTRE AN
APOSTLE, REHEARSING TO THEM OUR
SIGNS: NOR ARE WE GOING TO DESTROY
A POPULATION EXCEPT WHEN ITS MEMBERS PRACTISE
INIQUITY. [XXVIII, 58-59]
SEE ALSO: XXIII, 26-30
XXV, 37 XXIII, 31-41 XXVII,
54-58 XXVIII, 76-82 XX1,
14
But
the converse of all
this is that there was an earthquake in Turkey; all was
shattered except a Mosque, which was untouched. See the
actual photograph in the �Aspects of Islam�
section of this Site.
B] ALCOHOL AND INTOXICANTS
HAVE BEEN FORBIDDEN FOR HEALTH
REASONS.
O
YE WHO BELIEVE! STRONG DRINK AND GAMES OF CHANCE AND
IDOLS AND DIVINING ARROWS ARE ONLY AN INFAMY OF SATAN'S
HANDIWORK. LEAVE IT ASIDE IN ORDER THAT YE MAY
SUCCEEED. SATAN SEEKETH ONLY TO CAST AMONG YOU ENMITY
AND HATRED BY MEANS OF STRONG DRINK AND GAMES OF CHANCE, AND
TO TURN YOU FROM REMEMBRANCE OF ALLAH AND FROM [HIS]
WORSHIP. WILL YE THEN HAVE DONE?
[PICKTHALL] [V, 90-91]
THEY QUESTION THEE ABOUT STRONG
DRINK AND GAMES OF CHANCE. SAY: IN BOTH IS GREATSIN, AND
[SOME] UTILITY FOR MEN; BUT THE SIN OF THEM IS GREATER THAN
THEIR USEFULNESS. [PICKTHALL] [II,
219]
INTOXICANTS ARE DETRIMENTAL TO THE
HEALTH. WHERE ISLAM FORBIDS SOMETHING, THERE IS A
SCIENTIFIC REASON FOR IT.
THE FOLLOWING IS AN ARTICLE
BY IONE
CAMPSIE FROM THE
SUNDAY
POST OF
DECEMBER 28TH,
2003
WORRYING
TRUTH BEHIND THAT MORNING-AFTER
FEELING
ENOUGH
TO PUT YOU OFF DRINK FOR LIFE
EVERY
FESTIVE REVELLER KNOWS WHAT A HANGOVER FEELS LIKE.
NAUSEA, DEHYDRATION, HEADACHE, ACHES AND PAINS, FATIGUE,
RESTLESSNESS ... BUT WHAT HAS THE ALCOHOL ACTUALLY DONE
TO YOUR BODY? READ ON - IF YOU DARE. THE LIST OF
GRISLY CHEMICAL REACTIONS WILL MAKE EVEN THE MOST COMMITTED
DRINKER VOW "NEVER AGAIN". WHEN THE LIVER GETS TO WORK
ON THE EFFECTS OF A BOOZING SESSION, IT TRANSFORMS ALCOHOL
INTO ACETALDEHYDE WHICH, BY A STRANGE QUIRK, IS PROBABLY EVEN
MORE TOXIC THAN ALCOHOL. HENCE THE COLD SWEATS, HOT
FLUSHES, CHURNING STOMACH, VOMITING AND RACING PULSE. IN
SOME WAYS WE ARE ACTUALLY GETTING OFF QUITE LIGHTLY , AS
ACETALDEHYDE IS A CHEMICAL USED IN ALL SORTS OF UNPLEASANT
CHEMICAL PROCESSES, LIKE MANUFACTURING DISINFECTANTS,
PERFUMES, LACQUERS, VARNISHES AND PHOTOGRAPHIC
CHEMICALS. LIVING DEAD. THE ALCOHOL WE
DRINK ALSO CONTAINS METHANOL. EVER FELT LIKE YOU'VE
JOINED THE LIVING DEAD THE MORNING AFTER? WELL, THAT'S
JUST MAYBE TOO CLOSE TO THE TRUTH AS METHANOL IS CONVERTED
INTO FORMALDEHYDE , A PRESERVATIVE USED ON BODY PARTS IN
MORTUARIES. LIKE ITS COUNTRY COUSIN ACETALDEHYDE,
FORMALDEHYDE IS ALSO COMMONLY USED IN INDUSTRY, FOR MAKING
SUCH SWEET-AND-INNOCENTS AS FUNGICIDES, GERMICIDES AND
DISINFECTANTS. OVER THE YEARS, THE
US
GOVERNMENT HAS CURBED ITS USE DUE TO A LIST OF SIDE-EFFECTS
THAT INCLUDE WATERY EYES, BURNING EYES, HEADACHES AND
FATIGUE. SOUND FAMILIAR? BUT METHANOL IS ALSO
CONVERTED INTO FORMIC ACID - THE SAME ACID THAT WASPS,
ANTS AND NETTLES HAVE IN THEIR STINGS. THAT EVIL
HEADACHE ISN'T CAUSED BY DEHYDRATION BUT BY FORMIC ACID.
IT'S LIKE HAVING AN ARMY OF ANTS BITING YOUR BRAIN. BUT
THERE'S MORE. ALCOHOL ALSO CAUSES MAJOR DEHYDRATION OF
THE BODY, THANKS MAINLY TO THE FACT IT MESSES SO BADLY WITH
OUR ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONES. THAT IS WHY WE GO TO THE
TOILEET SO OFTEN AND END UP GASPING FOR A DRINK OF
WATER. KNOWING HOW ALCOHOL REFUSES TO LEAVE ANY STONE
UNTURNED IN ITS PURSUIT OF FINDING
WAYS TO
MAKE US SUFFER, THERE'S AN ADDED TWIST. CONSTANT RUSHING
TO THE LOO MEANS WE'RE STRIPPING OURSELVES OF MINERALS LIKE
SODIUM, CALCIUM, POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHATE. THESE ARE
VITAL FOR KEEPING BODY FLUIDS WELL BALANCED. SO BOOZING
IS A REAL DOUBLE-WHAMMY TO THE WORKINGS OF YOUR BODY'S
WATER. A LACK OF MINERALS ALSO HINDERS THE BRAIN'S TINY
ELECTRICAL CURRENTS, SO NO WONDER EVERYTHING SEEMS A BIT
WOOLLY WHEN YOU COME ROUND. OF COURSE, IT'S NOT HELPED
BY THE FATIGUE BROUGHT ON BY SLEEP DEPRIVATION. ALTHOUGH
BEVVY IS A SEDATIVE, WHEN IT WEARS OFF THERE'S A REBOUND
EFFECT. IT ALSO STOPS YOU FROM DREAMING PROPERLY AND, TO
THE CONSTERNATION OF WIVES EVERYWHERE, IT RELAXES THE THROAT
MUSCLES. THIS HELPS THE WORN-OUT PARTYGOER SNORE LIKE A
HORSE. STOMACH ACID. IT ALSO MESSES WITH
OUR INTERNAL THERMOSTAT, SENDING BODY TEMPERATURES HAYWIRE,
DEPENDING ON WHETHER WE'RE DRUNK OR HUNGOVER. THAT'S NOT
TO MENTION THE INCREASES PRODUCTION OF STOMACH ACID, CAUSING
THE ONSET OF JELLY-BELLY, OR THE FACT THAT IT EXPANDS THE
BLOOD VESSELS AND HEIGHTENS PRESSURE INSIDE THE SKULL - A
MAJOR FACTOR IN THROBBING HEAD SYNDROME. THIS WOULDN'T
BE SO BAD IF WE DIDN'T DRINK SO MUCH. A BOTTLE OF WHISKY
IS 40 PER CENT ALCOHOL. THAT MEANS IT'S 40 PER CENT
DRUG, LEAVING THE BODY WITH A TOUGH SHIFT WHEN IT COMES TO
RECOVERING. SO WHAT CAN YOU DO ABOUT YOUR
HANGOVER? TRY JUST ABOUT ANYTHING YOU CAN THINK OF, OR
ELSE GRIN AND BEAR IT, MOAN LIKE HELL OR WHIMPER LIKE A
BABY. BUT REMEMBER, WHEN SOMEONE OFFERS YOU A DRINK AND
ASKS, "WHAT'S YOUR POISON?" -THEY REALLY MEAN
IT.
THE FLESH OF SWINE HAS BEEN FORBIDDEN
FOR HEALTH REASONS.
O
YE WHO BELIEVE! EAT OF THE GOOD THINGS WHEREWITH WE HAVE
PROVIDED YOU, AND RENDER THANKS TO ALLAH IF IT IS
[INDEED] HE WHOM YE WORSHIP. HE HATH FORBIDDEN YOU ONLY
CARRION, AND BLOOD, AND SWINEFLESH, AND THAT WHICH HATH BEEN
IMMOLATED TO [THE NAME OF] ANY OTHER THAN ALLAH. BUT HE
WHO HAS BEEN DRIVEN BY NECESSITY, NEITHER CRAVING NOR
TRANSGRESSING, IT IS NO SIN FOR HIM. LO! ALLAH IS
FORGIVING, MERCIFUL. [PICKTHALL] [II,
172-173]
ALLAH HAS FORBIDDON MAN TO COMSUME
PORK AS IT CONTAINS MANY DISEASES.
PLEASE REFER TO THIS WEBSITE FOR
MORE INFORMATION ON WHY NOT TO EAT PORK
MEAT.
http://members.aol.com/call2truth/pork.html
THE HONEY OF A BEE IS A
MEDICINE.
AND THY LORD TAUGHT THE BEE TO
BUILD ITS CELLS IN HILLS, ON TREES, AND IN [MEN'S]
HABITATIONS; THEN TO EAT OF ALL THE PRODUCE [OF THE
EARTH], AND FIND WITHSKILL THE SPACIOUS PATHS OF ITS LORD:
THERE ISSUES FROM WITHIN THEIR BODIES A DRINK OF VARYING
COLOURS, WHEREIN IS HEALING FOR MEN: VERILY IN THIS IS A SIGN
FOR THOSE WHO GIVE THOUGHT. [XVI,
68-69]
SEE ALSO: www.goldenblossomhoney.com
and www.everymuslim.com
THE MILK OF A COW IS A LIQUID
BETWEEN THE COW'S WASTE AND
BLOOD.
AND
VERILY IN CATTLE [TOO] WILL YE FIND AN INSTRUCTIVE SIGN, FROM
WHAT IS WITHIN THEIR BODIES, BETWEEN EXCRETIONS AND BLOOD, WE
PRODUCE, FOR YOUR DRINK, MILK, PURE AND AGREEABLE, TO THOSE
WHO DRINK IT. [XVI, 66]
C] ECOLOGICAL DEGENERATION OF
THE EARTH
Carbon Dioxide Is Key Suspect
in Rainforest Change |
|
LONDON (Reuters) - Strange
things are happening in lush Amazonian rainforests and
scientists said Wednesday rising levels of carbon
dioxide could be the cause.
Even in
pristine rainforests unaffected by human activities such
as logging or burning, researchers have noticed dramatic
differences in the growth patterns of trees over the
past 20 years.
That could
distort the forest's fragile balance, affecting rare
plant and animal species.
"The changes
in Amazonian forests really jump out at you," said
William Laurance of the Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute in Panama. "It's a
little scary to realize seemingly pristine forests can
change so quickly and dramatically."
Laurance and
his team, whose research was published in the journal
Nature, noticed that the growth of large trees in the
Amazonian rainforests have accelerated over the past two
decades while the growth of smaller ones has slowed.
Levels of
carbon dioxide (CO2) have risen by 30 percent in the
past 200 years because of emissions from automobiles and
industry and rapid forest burning, particularly in the
tropics.
Much of the
increase in CO2, which plants use from the air for
photosynthesis, has occurred since 1960.
The
scientists suspect the rising CO2 levels are fertilizing
the rainforests and increasing competition for light,
water and nutrients in the soil. So the big fast-growing
trees have an advantage and are outpacing the smaller
ones.
The
researchers believe the odd change in growth patterns
could also be a signal for an overall change in
rainforest ecology. |
CONCLUSION
ALLAH
MOST HIGH HAS CREATED THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH BY HIS
WILL. THIS WILL HAS LED TO SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES �
FOR EXAMPLE, THE �BIG BANG�. SCIENCE WORKS FOR
ALLAH, THE OMNIPOTENT SOVEREIGN. SO IF ALL KNOWLEDGE,
AND THEREFORE THE KNOWLEDGE OF SCIENCE, BELONGS TO ALLAH, THIS
IS A QUALITY INHERENT IN THE ATTRIBUTES OF GOD.
WE CANNOT THEREFORE SPEAK OF SCIENCE AS BEING
INDEPENDENT OF DIVINE WILL! SCIENCE CAN NEVER
REBEL AGAINST, OR CONFLICT WITH, THE DIVINE WILL BECAUSE
IT IS A CONSTITUENT PART OF THAT DIVINE
WILL!
DREAMS
Alhamdolilllah,
while writing this very Paper, I was fortunate enough to have
two very valuable dreams:
DREAM NO
1
I dreamt that
I first visited an awesome galaxy, somewhere in the
Universe, and afterwards carried on with my day-to-day
routine on Earth!
DREAM NO
2
I dreamt that I
was in Waheed's house. His brother, Naveed, had a copy
of the Guiness Book of Records with him, and he was testing
some feat of mine. But he was quite cross after I
had finished with my efforts because I HAD NOT BEEN ABLE TO
BREAK UP ENOUGH CLUSTERS OF GALAXIES IN THE UNIVERSE, OR BEEN
ABLE TO BREAK UP ONE CLUSTER OF GALAXIES INTO SMALL ENOUGH
PIECES! [I couldn't quite recall which of these two tasks I
was attempting in the dream, but I think it was the
latter].
CONTEXT
On Wednesday 10
March, I had been working on this very paper . I had
used an internet cafe and the two Muslim proprietors of the
business had been surprised, and admiring, to see my initial,
few typed pages. Then, the next day, I took a copy of
the Holy Quran [Yusuf Ali's translation] to the Pakistani
Community Centre, Glodwick, Oldham and had done a
solid, few hours' work. I had copied one or two stunning
photos of galaxies and other bodies in the Universe from
www.SPACE.com, and reports
of phenomenon in the Ubiverse from news agencies such as
Reuters and pasted them in my Paper to make the point that
Allah has all knowledge, and is Mighty, Wise. This dream
is probably saying that man is Allah's viceregent in the
Universe, so if Allah is All-Powerful, Allah has given mankind
knowledge, which is power too!
REFERENCES
(1)
WEBSTERS REFERENCE LIBRARY, CONCISE
DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS, GEDDES &
GROSSETT, NEW
LANARK,
SCOTLAND,
2002
2) http://www.nasa.gov/
http://www.space.com/ http://www.reuters.com/
3) THE MEANING
OF THE GLORIOUS QURAN: An Explanatory Explanation by MUHAMMAD
MARMADUKE PICKTHALL [Re-Edited Translation], ISLAMIC DAWAH
CENTRE INTERNATIONAL, Birmingham, July
2000
"ASTRONOMY
IS CERTAINLY NOT A STATIC SUBJECT - NEW IDEAS AND DISCOVERIES
ARE ALWAYS TURNING UP. ALTHOUGH ASTRONOMERS HAVE SOLVED
MANY OF THE MYSTERIES OF THE UNIVERSE, THEY ARE CONTINUALLY
FINDING NEW AND DEEPER PROBLEMS".
[FOREWARD]
THE
ASTRONAUT MUST BE EQUIPPED FOR GREAT EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE,
AS THE TEMPARATURE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SUNLIT SIDE IS ABOUT
100 DEGREES CELCIUS AND, ON THE DARK SIDE, -150 DEGREES
CELCIUS [272 DEGREES BELOW FREEZING,
FARENHEIT].
VARIOUS EARTHLY PHENOMENA
HAVE ASTRONOMICAL ORIGINS. THE TIDES, FOR EXAMPLE, ARE DUE TO
THE GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE SUN AND MOON.
BASICALLY, THE WATER IN THE OCEANS IS ATTRACTED BY
MERCURY
MAXIMUM TEMP - 400 C;
MINIMUM TEMP. -200 C
NO
DETECTABLE ATMOSPHERE OR AT MOST 1/100TH OF EARTH'S
ATMOSPHERE.
VENUS
A 'DAY' ON VENUS IS LONGER
THAN THE VENUSIAN [OR 'CYTHEREAN'] YEAR [VENUS REVOLVES FASTER
AROUND THE SUN -224 DAYS- THAN IT ROTATES ON ITS AXIS - 247
DAYS]. MAXIMUM TEMP. 350 C; DENSE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS
MOSTLY CARBON DIOXIDE.
MARS
V. THIN ATMOSPHERE;
VIRTUALLY NO OXYGEN; V. RAPID TEMP. CHANGES. 'HUMAN LIFE
COULD NOT SURVIVE THERE'.
JUPITER
LARGELY GASEOUS [MAINLY
HYDROGEN, AND SIMILAR GASES SUCH AS METHANE AND AMMONIA]
PLANET; V. LOW TEMP. OF -150 C
SATURN
LARGELY GASEOUS
PLANET
www.got-milk.com/better/index.html
Your bones are
growing right along with you. And you need calcium now more
than ever. Your "growth spurt" is just about to happen -- it
typically starts around 11-13 years of age, and the "spurt" is
usually done by the time you're 15-19 years old. Nearly 50
percent (that's HALF) of all bone is formed during these
years! But even after your bones have stopped growing long,
they are still growing strong "inside." That's why you need to
pack your bones with calcium for at least another 10 years to
help make them as dense and strong as possible.
How Your Body Grows Your body needs
nutritious foods to grow and stay healthy. Nutritious foods
also give you energy for learning and playing. Foods can be
sorted into the Five Food Groups.
UPDATE:
Story first posted 5:37
p.m. EST,
March
27, 2004
Aviation
history was made today as NASA successfully flew its
experimental X-43A research vehicle, a forerunner of craft
that could well offer alternate access to space in the
future.
Preliminary
indications are that the craft appeared to meet a major
milestone: propelling itself slightly over Mach 7, seven times
the speed of sound, or some 5,000 miles per hour.
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Images |
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Comparision of X-43A
hypersonic scramjet engine with conventional jet
engine. Credit: NASA/Dave
Faust |
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NASA's B-52B launch aircraft
takes off carrying the second X-43A hypersonic
research vehicle attached to a modified Pegasus
rocket, on March 27, 2004. Credit: NASA/Tom
Tschida |
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Illustration of X-43A March
27, 2004 mission profile. Credit: NASA/Dave
Faust |
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"It
was fun all the way to Mach 7," said Joel Sitz, X-43 Project
Manager at NASA�s Dryden Flight Research at Edwards,
California
during a press briefing after the flight.
The
X-43A test shot is part of NASA�s Hyper-X program, a research
effort to try out propulsion technologies for high-speed
flight within the atmosphere and into Earth orbit.
A
major objective of the unmanned X-43A flight was shaking out
air-breathing supersonic-combustion ramjet (scramjet) engine
technology.
Unlike
the space shuttle that must haul along weighty amounts of
liquid oxygen to burn with liquid hydrogen, scramjets use the
atmosphere as fuel. Doing so means a scramjet-carrying craft
could haul more payload into orbit.
Without
a hitch
"We
went off without a hitch," said Bradford Neal, test conductor
for the flight Saturday.
Griffin
Corpening, X-43A chief engineer at Dryden, said the X-43A
"scooted out to Mach 7�just an outstanding job." Data was
received from the vehicle all the way down to its splash down
in the Pacific
Ocean.
"It really hung in there," he said.
Corpening
said the data collected during the flight will be intensely
studied over the next weeks, months, and probably
years.
"It
has been an outstanding record-breaking day. It really has,"
said Larry Huebner, Hyper-X scramjet propulsion research
engineer at NASA
Langley
Research
Center
in Hampton,
Virginia.
Based on preliminary data, he said, the vehicle experienced
positive acceleration while climbing due to the performance of
its scramjet engine.
"Our
vehicle under airbreathing power went over 15 miles," Huebner
reported. The flight today was the first-ever airframe
integrated scramjet engine experiment. "We can claim an
air-breathing powered record today�no doubt about
it."
But
now, Huebner said, "it�s time to roll up our sleeves and start
looking at some data."
Winged
surfboard
Today�s
test of the 12-foot ((3.7 meters) long X-43A began with the
vehicle being toted skyward from NASA's Dryden Flight Research
Center on Edwards Air Force Base, California by a B-52 carrier
aircraft. The experimental craft -- taking on the look of a
winged surfboard -- was attached to a modified Pegasus XL
booster.
After
reaching a designated altitude, the NASA B-52 released the
X-43A/Pegasus booster combination high over the Naval
Air
Warfare
Center
Weapons
Division
Sea
Range
over the Pacific
Ocean
off the coast of southern California.
A
long contrail arced up and away from the B-52 as the modified
Pegasus boosted the X-43A. A normal separation of the test
vehicle from the booster could clearly be seen. The craft
remained stable during release from its booster.
The
X-43A continued its speedy flight, opening up an intake
chamber that allowed a high-speed stream of oxygen into the
vehicle. That port was then closed, and all appeared to work
as planned as mission controllers clapped and hugged each
other.
Gulping
up the atmosphere as it shot through the sky, the craft pushed
that air into a scramjet. Carried onboard the X-43A is a small
quantity of hydrogen that mixed with the incoming oxygen. That
mix was then combusted, pushing the plane forward to high-mach
speeds.
Following
the engine test, the X-43A began gliding and maneuvering for
several minutes before nosing into Pacific
Ocean
waters within a restricted test zone.
Tough
engineering challenge
The
$250 million program began with conceptual design and scramjet
engine wind tunnel work in 1996.
According
to a NASA statement, this is the first time a non-rocket,
air-breathing scramjet engine has powered a vehicle in flight
at hypersonic speeds. No vehicle has ever flown at hypersonic
speeds powered by an air-breathing scramjet engine.
The
rocket boost and subsequent separation from the rocket to get
to the scramjet test condition have complex elements that must
work properly to assure flight success. There are few or no
moving parts in the scramjet. Achieving proper engine ignition
and combustion, in a matter of milliseconds, is considered a
key engineering challenge.
No
easy ride
It
has not been an easy ride for the X-43A program.
On
June
2, 2001,
the X-43A/booster combination -- called the stack -- veered
out of control shortly after release from the NASA B-52
aircraft. The stack was destroyed by ground control less than
50 seconds after release. The failure occurred before the
X-43A could be released.
A
mishap study board cleared the way for a return-to-flight of
the X-43A. No one contributing factor was singled out as being
the prime cause of the vehicle's failure. However, those
studying the failure underscored inaccuracies in computer and
wind-tunnel tests to prove the X-43A/booster was flight worthy
and ready for its maiden test.
Today�s
successful flight is the work of a government-private sector
partnership.
ATK
GASL in Tullahoma,
Tennessee,
built both the vehicle and the engine, and Boeing Phantom
Works in Huntington
Beach,
California,
designed the thermal protection and propulsion control
systems. The booster is a modified Pegasus rocket from Orbital
Sciences Corporation of Chandler,
Arizona.
NASA's
Langley
Research
Center
and Dryden
Flight
Research
Center
jointly conduct the Hyper-X program.
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